argparse

概述

可以使用argparse​模块解析命令行选项。

可以使用fire-快速生成CLI模块，更方便快速的从Python 代码自动生成命令行接口（CLI）。

示例：

# search.py
'''
Hypothetical command-line tool for searching a collection of
files for one or more text patterns.
'''
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Search some files')

parser.add_argument(dest='filenames',metavar='filename', nargs='*')

parser.add_argument('-p', '--pat',metavar='pattern', required=True,
                    dest='patterns', action='append',
                    help='text pattern to search for')

parser.add_argument('-v', dest='verbose', action='store_true',
                    help='verbose mode')

parser.add_argument('-o', dest='outfile', action='store',
                    help='output file')

parser.add_argument('--speed', dest='speed', action='store',
                    choices={'slow','fast'}, default='slow',
                    help='search speed')

args = parser.parse_args()

# Output the collected arguments
print(args.filenames)
print(args.patterns)
print(args.verbose)
print(args.outfile)
print(args.speed)

bash % python3 search.py -h
usage: search.py [-h] [-p pattern] [-v] [-o OUTFILE] [--speed {slow,fast}]
                 [filename [filename ...]]

Search some files

positional arguments:
  filename

optional arguments:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -p pattern, --pat pattern
                        text pattern to search for
  -v                    verbose mode
  -o OUTFILE            output file
  --speed {slow,fast}   search speed

bash % python3 search.py foo.txt bar.txt
usage: search.py [-h] -p pattern [-v] [-o OUTFILE] [--speed {fast,slow}]
                 [filename [filename ...]]
search.py: error: the following arguments are required: -p/--pat

bash % python3 search.py -v -p spam --pat=eggs foo.txt bar.txt
filenames = ['foo.txt', 'bar.txt']
patterns  = ['spam', 'eggs']
verbose   = True
outfile   = None
speed     = slow

bash % python3 search.py -v -p spam --pat=eggs foo.txt bar.txt -o results
filenames = ['foo.txt', 'bar.txt']
patterns  = ['spam', 'eggs']
verbose   = True
outfile   = results
speed     = slow

bash % python3 search.py -v -p spam --pat=eggs foo.txt bar.txt -o results \
             --speed=fast
filenames = ['foo.txt', 'bar.txt']
patterns  = ['spam', 'eggs']
verbose   = True
outfile   = results
speed     = fast