hashlib、pycrypto-加解密

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hashlib-哈希摘要

>>> import hashlib
>>> 
>>> md5_hasher = hashlib.md5()
>>> md5_hasher.update('hello, world!'.encode())
>>> md5_hasher.hexdigest()
'3adbbad1791fbae3ec908894c4963870'
>>>
>>> sha1_hasher = hashlib.sha1()
>>> sha1_hasher.update('hello, world!'.encode())
>>> sha1_hasher.update('goodbye, world!'.encode())
>>> sha1_hasher.hexdigest()
'1f09d30c707d53f3d16c530dd73d70a6ce7596a9'

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pycrypto-加密和解密

pip install pycrypto

AES对称加密：

>>> from hashlib import md5
>>>
>>> from Crypto.Cipher import AES
>>> from Crypto import Random
>>>
>>> key = md5(b'mysecret').hexdigest()
>>> iv = Random.new().read(AES.block_size)
>>> str1 = '我爱你们！'
>>> str2 = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_CFB, iv).encrypt(str1)
b'p\x96o\x85\x0bq\xc4-Y\xc4\xbcp\n)&'
>>> str3 = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_CFB, iv).decrypt(str2).decode()
'我爱你们！'

RSA非对称加密：

>>> from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA
>>> # 生成密钥对
>>> key_pair = RSA.generate(2048)
>>> # 导入公钥
>>> pub_key = RSA.importKey(key_pair.publickey().exportKey())
>>> # 导入私钥
>>> pri_key = RSA.importKey(key_pair.exportKey())
>>> # 明文
>>> message1 = 'hello, world!'.encode()
>>> # 加密数据
>>> message2 = pub_key.encrypt(message1, None)
(b'\x03\x86t\xa0\x00\xc4\xea\xd2\x80\xed\xa7YN7\x07\xff\x88\xaa\x1eW\x0cmH0\x06\xa7\'\xbc<w@q\x8b\xaf\xf7:g\x92{=\xe2E\xa5@\x1as2\xdd\xcb\x8e[\x98\x85\xdf,X\xecj.U\xd6\xa7W&u\'Uz"\x0f\x0e\\<\xa4\xfavC\x93\xa7\xbcO"\xb9a\x06]<.\xc1\r1}*\xdf\xccdqXML\x93\x1b\xe9\xda\xdf\xab|\xf8\x18\xe4\x99\xbb\x7f\x18}\xd9\x9a\x1e*J\\\xca\x1a\xd1\x85\xf7t\x81\xd95{\x19\xc9\x81\xb6^}\x9c5\xca\xfe\xcf\xc8\xd8M\x9a\x8c-\xf1t\xee\xf9\x12\x90\x01\xca\x92~\x00c5qg5g\x95&\x10\xb1\x0b\x1fo\x95\xf2\xbc\x8d\xf3f"@\xc5\x188\x0bX\x9cfo\xea\x97\x05@\xe5\xb2\xda\xb8\x97a\xa5w\xa8\x01\x9a\xa5N\xc4\x81\x8d\x0f<\x96iU\xd3\x95\xacJZs\xab_ #\xee\xf9\x0f\xf2\x12\xdb\xfc\xf8g\x18v\x02k+\xda\x16Si\xbf\xbb\xec\xf7w\x90\xde\xae\x97\t\xed{}5\xd0',)
>>> # 解密数据
>>> message3 = pri_key.decrypt(message2)
'hello, world!'

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计算文件md5

import sys
import hashlib

def calculate_md5(file_path):
    # 创建一个MD5对象
    md5_hash = hashlib.md5()

    # 以二进制读取文件内容，并逐块更新MD5哈希值
    with open(file_path, 'rb') as file:
        for chunk in iter(lambda: file.read(4096), b''):
            md5_hash.update(chunk)

    # 获取计算得到的MD5值
    md5_value = md5_hash.hexdigest()

    return md5_value

# 检查命令行参数是否提供了文件路径
if len(sys.argv) > 1:
    # 获取文件路径参数
    file_path = sys.argv[1]

    # 调用函数计算文件的MD5值
    md5 = calculate_md5(file_path)

    # 打印结果
    print("MD5:", md5)
else:
    print("Please provide a file path as a command line argument.")